A medical professional body, Nutrition Society of Nigeria, NSN, on
Thursday said 49 per cent of women of reproductive age in Nigeria have
anaemia with 24.3 per cent of them having low iron stores and 12.7 per
cent, iron deficiency.
The President of NSN, Ngozi Nnam, disclosed this at a press conference it organised in Lagos with Unilever Nigeria.
She said though the causes of anaemia vary, approximately 50 per cent of the cases are due to iron deficiency.
She disclosed that the figures indicate that majority of the
adolescent girls and women did not meet the iron requirements of 20
milligrams per day as recommended by the Food and Agricultural
Organisation and, the World Health Organisation.
“Iron deficiency anaemia is a condition in which the red blood cells
or their oxygen-carrying capacity is insufficient to meet physiological
needs of the body,” she explained.
“The symptoms of anaemic condition include, fatigue, dizziness,
weakness, drowsiness, shortages of breath and all these militate against
active living and human productivity as iron is critical to learning
process and energy for day to day activities.”
According to Mrs. Nnam, Nigeria faces one of the largest burdens of
micro-nutrient deficiencies with anaemia being the commonest with a big
impact on health of women and children.
She said this had raised serious concerns among those involved in nutrition matters.
The NSN president noted that iron is one of the most prevalent
micronutrient deficiencies globally, with almost one of every two women
of reproductive age being anaemic in Nigeria.
She said that adolescent girls and pregnant women formed the
population that requires the highest amount of iron intake and are,
therefore, most susceptible to iron deficiency.
According to her, the typical Nigerian diet is low in iron-rich
foods, while cassava and cereals (high in phytates which decrease iron
absorption) are commonly eaten staples.
“Pregnant women, teenage girls and women of reproductive age are
among the most vulnerable to iron deficiency anaemia because of high
iron requirements. Increasing iron intake during adolescence to prepare
for pregnancy is crucial to decreasing the risk of iron deficiency
anaemia and negative birth outcomes.
“The commonly consumed traditional dishes may not provide sufficient
iron to meet the requirements and it may be a challenge to manipulate
these recipes as they are passed down from generation to generation. In
Nigeria, mothers are the kitchen ‘gatekeepers’ and their adolescent
daughters learn cooking behaviours from them.”
Also speaking, a medical practitioner, Folake Samuel, said
preliminary research findings show that although many Nigerian women
were aware of rich iron sources of food in the country as well as the
benefits consequences of iron deficiencies, the consumption of iron rich
food was still low, saying “this calls for action and intervention.”
Quoting a survey report, Mrs. Samuel said, “As such, a significant
proportion of the women frequently experience various symptoms of iron
deficiency. The survey sampled 615 women aged 20- 45 years in Lagos to
access their level of awareness on iron deficiencies, iron rich food and
consequences of iron deficiencies.
“Looking at the awareness level of symptoms of iron deficiency, 55
per cent of the women rated tiredness and fatigue as part of daily life
and know that when you suddenly become dizzy out of the blues, it is the
consequences of not eating enough iron rich food; pale complexion,
being another symptom of anaemia is also common in our society. Some
people mistake a woman being pale as a sign of pregnancy, not knowing
that it is an indicator of being anaemic.”
The Hygiene and Nutrition Social Mission Director, Africa, Unilever,
Myriam Sidibe explained that the aim of the programme was to provide
more sensitisation to the general public on the importance of iron
nutrients to the health of individuals.
He said women and children were the group of people more vulnerable to anaemia.
”This issues is common among our women and teenage girls and these
people are the bedrock and foundation of the home and family which is
the unit of the Nation. These are the critical people in the society and
their health is important to Nation building, we need to take care of
these people,” she said.